This brownfields site was lowland that was filled using coal tar waste and then developed as an oil refinery. After the refinery and subsequent oil handling facilities were decommissioned, it was determined that it was economically unfeasible to clean up the land, yet the subsurface contamination - by LNAPL, DNAPL, various heavy metals, VOCs, and PAHs - posed a risk to offsite properties.
 

A Failure Modes and Effects Analysis was conducted to identify the risks, severity of potential consequences, and probability of occurrence.  An optimized site risk management plan was then devised and implemented by O'Connor Associates engineers, involving NAPL recovery, both hydraulic and structural barriers to groundwater flow, suppression of vapours and dust, and periodic monitoring and reporting to regulators. 

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